引用符

・引用符は、書かれた言葉や話された言葉を引用するときに使われる。
・二重引用符を使うのを基本とする。

［正］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan."
［誤］Mary said, 'I'd like to go to Japan.'

・イギリス英語においては、シングルの引用符を使うのを基本とする。

［誤］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan."
［英］Mary said, 'I'd like to go to Japan.'

・引用された文の中に引用符が使われる場合、引用文にシングルの引用符が使われ、引用文の中の引用文に二重引用符が使われる。

［正］'Mary said, "Please don't go,"' recalled Ken.
［誤］"Mary said, 'Please don't go,'" recalled Ken.

・イギリス英語においては、引用された文の中に引用符が使われる場合、引用文に二重引用符が使われ、引用文の中の引用文にシングルの引用符が使われる。

［誤］'Mary said, "Please don't go,"' recalled Ken.
［正］"Mary said, 'Please don't go,'" recalled Ken.

・引用文を示すには、引用文の前にカンマを打つ。

［正］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan."
［誤］Mary said "I'd like to go to Japan."
［誤］Is it strange to say, "I ate half of the pie"?
［正］Is it strange to say "I ate half of the pie"?

・引用文の最初の文字は大文字にする。
・引用したのが文の一部である場合には、小文字にする。

［正］The teacher said, "The semester is already half over."
［誤］The teacher said, "the semester is already half over."
［正］The teacher told her that her paper was "excellent."
［誤］The teacher told her that her paper was "Excellent."
［正］"The trouble with Ken," his boss said, "is his lack of self-confidence."
［誤］"The trouble with Ken," his boss said, "Is his lack of self-confidence."
［正］"The trouble with Ken is his lack of self-confidence," his boss said. "In fact, he is always asking me questions."
［誤］"The trouble with Ken is his lack of self-confidence," his boss said. "in fact, he is always asking me questions."

・ピリオドやカンマは引用符の内側に打つ。

［正］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan."
［誤］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan".
［誤］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan.".

・イギリス英語においては、ピリオドやカンマは引用符の外側に打つ。

［英］Mary said, 'I'd like to go to Japan'.
［英］'I don't know what happened', Mary said.

・文が引用文で始まる場合、引用文と非引用文をカンマで区切る。
・しかし、引用文が疑問符や感嘆符や感嘆符で終わる場合は、カンマを打たない。

［正］"I don't know what happened," Tom said.
［誤］"I don't know what happened", Tom said.
［誤］"I don't know what happened" Tom said.
［正］"What happened?" he asked.
［誤］"What happened?" He asked.
［誤］"What happened?", he asked.
［正］"How beautiful!" she said.
［誤］"How beautiful!" She said.
［誤］"How beautiful!", she said.

・コロンやセミコロンは、引用符の外側に打つ。

［正］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Europe"; however she had made no plans.
［誤］Mary said, "I'd like to go Europe;" however she had made no plans.
［誤］Mary said, "I'd like to go Europe," however she had made no plans.
［正］Mary said, "I'd like to go Europe," but she had made no plans.

※二つの文を繋ぐには、4番目の文のように接続詞を使わなければならない。3番目の文のように副詞を使って繋ぐと"comma splice"という文法的な誤りになるため、1番目の文のようにセミコロンを使って分割する。

・文全体が疑問文や感嘆文ではない場合、疑問符や感嘆符は引用符の内側に打つ。

［正］Mary politely asked, "Would you like coffee or tea?"
［誤］Mary politely asked, "Would you like coffee or tea"?
［誤］What do you mean by "dress code?"
［正］What do you mean by "dress code"?

・引用文が文の最後に来て、文の終わりを示す終止符や疑問符、感嘆符が、引用文と文全体で同じ場合、文全体のものを省略する。

［正］Did Mary ask, "Would you like coffee or tea?"
［誤］Did Mary ask, "Would you like coffee or tea?"?
［正］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan."
［誤］Mary said, "I'd like to go to Japan.".

・引用文が文の最後に来て、文の終わりを示す終止符や疑問符、感嘆符が、引用文と文全体で異なる場合、優先順位は、感嘆符、疑問符、終止符の順になる。

［正］Mary yelled, "I refuse to go back into the hospital!"
［誤］Mary yelled, "I refuse to go back into the hospital!".
［正］Did Mary yell, "I refuse to go back into the hospital!"
［誤］Did Mary yell, "I refuse to go back into the hospital!"?
［正］I left a messages saying, "I can't make it today!"
［誤］I left a messages saying, "I can't make it today!".

・引用文であることが"Mary said" や"Mary asked"のような表現で明示されない場合、コロンを使う。

［正］We never doubted her word: "I'll try my best."
［誤］We never doubted her word: "I'll try my best."

《引用以外の用法》

・引用符は、皮肉を込めて言っている言葉を示すのに使われる。

［正］It is a symbol of "progress" in North Korea.
［誤］This data shows that we have made great "progress" in controlling inflation.

・引用符は、言葉そのものを指していることを示すのに使われる。

［正］"Except" and "accept" are frequently confused.
［誤］He "accepted" the invitation two days ago.

・引用符は、新聞や雑誌の記事のタイトル、詩やエッセイ、短編、歌のタイトル、本の篇、章、節などの見出し、テレビやラジオの連続物の1回分のテーマのなどを示すのに使われる。但し、篇、章、節などが数字で示される場合、引用符は使われない。
・新聞や雑誌の名前、一つの本として出版された詩やエッセイ、短編集のタイトル、歌のCDなどのタイトル、テレビやラジオの番組名は、冠詞や前置詞以外の単語を大文字にし、イタリック体にすることによって示し、引用符は使わない。

［正］Beethoven's Fifth was not so famous as the Third, the "Eroica."
［誤］The "Fifth" was not so famous as the Third, the "Eroica."
［正］Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by J. K. Rowling.
［誤］"Harry Potter" is a series of seven fantasy novels written by J. K. Rowling.
［正］The first novel was Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.
［誤］The first novel was "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone."