見出し1仮定法現在

・未来を表す"will"や"be going to"は、日本語の「~だろう」という推量の表現とは違い、確実な未来を示すのに使われる。
・"that"節が不確実な未来を示す場合、仮定法現在が使われる。
・仮定法現在においては、動詞が原形になる。
・仮定法現在とともに主節で使われる動詞: advise, ask, command, decide, demand, insist, intend, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, resolve

[誤]He insisted that she was in the hospital until she got well.
[誤]He insisted that she is in the hospital until she gets well.
[誤]He insisted that she be in the hospital until she get well.
[正]He insisted that she be in the hospital until she gets well.

[誤]Mary suggested that her husband waited in his car.
[誤]Mary suggested that her husband waits in his car.
[正]Mary suggested that her husband wait in his car.

[誤]Mary proposed that Tom invited me to the party.
[誤]Mary proposed that Tom invites me to the party.
[正]Mary proposed that Tom invite me to the party.

[誤]Mary recommended that he went and saw a doctor.
[誤]Mary recommended that he goes and sees a doctor.
[正]Mary recommended that he go and see a doctor.

[誤]The boss requested that everyone came to the parry.
[誤]The boss requested that everyone comes to the party.
[正]The boss requested that everyone come to the party.

[誤]Is it too much to ask that Ken is like his father?
[正]Is it too much to ask that Ken be like his father?

[誤]The doctor advised Mary that she got some rest.
[正]The doctor advised Mary that she get some rest.

[誤]The Doctor advised that the patient be in a critical state.
[正]The Doctor advised that the patient was in a critical state.

[誤]Go and ask Mary whether she be coming tonight.
[正]Go and ask Mary whether she is coming tonight.

・[It is + 形容詞+that]の構文で仮定法現在が使われるときの形容詞:anxious, critical, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, vital

[誤]It is important that everyone follows the rules.
[正]It is important that everyone follow the rules.

[誤]It is necessary that everyone will be there on time.
[誤]It is necessary that everyone is there on time.
[正]It is necessary that everyone be there on time.

[誤]It is essential that he has some experience.
[正]It is essential that he have some experience.

・仮定法現在が使われる上記以外の構文

[誤]He was determined that the same mistakes aren't repeated.
[誤]He was determined that the same mistakes weren't repeated.
[誤]He was determined that the same mistakes be not repeated.
[正]He was determined that the same mistakes not be repeated.

[誤]She was anxious that it be cancer.
[誤]She was anxious that it was cancer.
[誤]She was anxious that it is cancer.
[正]She was anxious that it might be cancer.

[誤]She was anxious that everyone enjoys themselves.
[誤]She was anxious that everyone enjoyed themselves.
[正]She was anxious that everyone enjoy themselves.

[誤]Mary ignored the doctor's advice that she lost weight.
[誤]Mary ignored the doctor's advice that she loses weight.
[正]Mary ignored the doctor's advice that she lose weight.

[誤]He spoke on condition that his name is not used in the article.
[誤]He spoke on condition that his name was not used in the article.
[誤]He spoke on condition that his name be not used in the article.
[正]He spoke on condition that his name not be used in the article.

[誤]Her last wish was that she is buried back home in Japan.
[誤]Her last wish was that she was buried back home in Japan.
[正]Her last wish was that she be buried back home in Japan.

・仮定法現在を使う代わりに、「that 節」の中に"should"を用いることができる。
・イギリス英語では、仮定法現在は使われない。"should"が使われることが多い。

[正]The doctor advised Mary that she should get some rest.

仮定法現在の関連項目